Category: medicine

Five reasons why doctors leave their first job

Five reasons why doctors leave their first job

One of the biggest fears that doctors have in taking our first jobs is that the opportunity might not work out. For many professions, moving to a new position is expected. The administration at one of the local hospitals has turnover every few months. I think that the CFO position there has been occupied by five different people in five years!

If doctors cycled through jobs like this, then there would be no hope for us. Many medical specialties require long term care of our patients in order to establish a repoire and to build a successful practice. Unfortunately we do sometimes find ourselves in a job hunting scenario even though we did our best to pick the right job.

Here are five reasons that I’ve seen attributed to physician turnover:

Work schedule not compatible with the doctor.

Everyone can claim to be willing to work hard. If we made it through medical school, we probably have worked hard at some points by in our lives. But we also know that slackers exist everywhere, even in medical school. We all know that one person who seemed to do the minimum to get by—maybe you are that person.

Nonetheless, the work-life demand in any job situation truly implies nothing about the character of a doctor, but rather that the arrangement may not be suitable for both parties. Most employers will hopefully delineate the job expectations a priori, but the employee may not know what she wants for herself.  Life goals simply change over time.

I knew an emergency room physician who complained bitterly about working overnight shifts. She made all attempts to switch out those shifts with her coworkers. Eventually she left the area and hopefully moved on to a work arrangement that better suited her needs.

Compensation not what was expected

Compensation is always a sticky subject, since doctors aren’t trained to be be greedy (unlike those of you all in finance!). Physician compensation depends on the region and the specialty, but most doctors I’ve met don’t really understand how they’re paid. This includes doctors who have been working for decades!

The dynamics of medical compensation depends on insurers, the employer-employee arrangement, and the terms of the contracts. Sometimes the employee may feel that she isn’t getting a fair share of the revenue. Sometimes the employer feels that the employee isn’t pulling her weight enough. I’ve known doctors who weren’t offered partnership, and the junior associate opts to find greener pastures elsewhere.

Sometimes the compensation structure isn’t amenable for either party, and the junior associate starts looking for a new job.

Lack of growth potential

Medicine, like most other professions, becomes a routine for many of us. After so many years of medical practice, the common diseases that present are relatively easy to diagnose.  While boredom isn’t necessarily what most doctors complain of in their first jobs, sometimes routine can indeed be tedious.  Perhaps the work situation doesn’t utilize one’s level of training fully.  Perhaps the cost of providing that higher level of care prohibits that doctor from offering her services.

I’ve known several doctors who ended up returning to academia after working in the private sector, citing that they wanted more of a challenge in their medical practice. Cases like these show that money is not always the sole motivator to justify a work arrangement.

Position is no longer available

One of the most devastating situations for anyone to hear is that their services are no longer needed.  Sometimes the driver is financial demand.  Let’s say your group contracts with the local hospital. The hospital ends up in financial distress and closes it doors. All of its employees and contractors are out of luck. This happened several years ago at St. Vincent’s Hospital in New York City—the hospital simply closed it doors.

Alternatively, you may be working in a specialty group as a new hire, but the senior partners decide to sell the group to private equity.  The new owners of your medical practice may decide to downsize and eliminate the new hires—suddenly the younger doctors end up losing their jobs.

Chronic malcontent

This is a touchy topic. It’s human nature to gripe. School, homework, jobs, other people, you name it and there is a way to complain about it. The dynamics of healthcare give us all the reasons in the world to be unhappy.

If you are too picky about your job prospects, you might starve!

I’ve interviewed dozens of M.D. applicants in my profession, and over a hundred support staff thus far in my career. Many of these doctors and medical professionals have cycled through a surprisingly high number of jobs in what would otherwise seem like a limited working career. I always hope that their turnover rate is caused by bad employers, but that is unfortunately not always the case.  There are also people who have chronically unhappy about their situation.  The reasons for malcontent may actually be trivial, but they become magnified and used almost as excuses to find another job.

While there are legitimate reasons why some jobs don’t work out, chronic malcontent is essentially a personality conflict. These are the most difficult to resolve, since the inherent problem is with the doctor herself.

What other reasons do you attribute to doctor attrition?

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Why is there a gender inequality in residency salaries?!?

Why is there a gender inequality in residency salaries?!?

I was thumbing through Medscape’s most recent residency survey, and I was shocked to see that men reported a higher income than women in residency!  No, I’m not a feminist, but my first thought at seeing a residency salary gender inequality was that there must be a variable that the survey didn’t control for…because that just doesn’t make sense. Gender inequality is a prevalent problem in the world, but the way medical training is set up, it does not seem plausible.

For those who don’t know, salaries for physicians in training is essentially fixed—you get raises for every subsequent year. There is no negotiation, because your salary is essentially a stipend that is predetermined by the hospital system that hires and trains you.

Medscape’s residency survey is just that—a survey. There are no controls or controlled variables like in clinical research. It is dangerous to make assumptions based on limited data. Why would the survey results show that men have a higher salary than women? Here are a few reasons I can think of:

Moonlighting. I knew many residents and fellows who decided to moonlight during their training. Pick up some shifts covering the emergency room or urgent care. Maybe a primary care outpatient clinic. Or even task handling for an internist office. Anything to pick up extra money. I knew both women and men who moonlighted during their training, but maybe men moonlight more?

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No stratification between PGY classes. In general the stipend increases as you advance in your residency. Are there still more men in residency than women? Do men typically enter medical professions that have a longer training duration than women?

Are there more men training in medicine? Even back when I was in medical school, there was a trend towards a 50/50 split between genders, with some years women edging men. Is it still the case?

What other reasons might men report a higher income than women in residency?

Did you feel that there was an income discrepancy between genders during your training?

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Negotiating the Three F’s: Fame, Fortune, or FIRE?

This entry is more of a philosophical debate that I’m sure many of my colleagues (myself included) have contemplated at least once. Ambition can be a powerful motivator in our daily lives, and I’m sure that every doctor is no stranger to ambition. While one would hope that every person who has any authority to dictate our health have good attention to detail, there are doctors who surpass the normal expectations of being a doctor. We all know those people as “gunners”. Some of us might even be “gunners” at heart.

So how does ambition relate to our finances? For the professional who has dedicated her life to delivering excellent healthcare to our society, ambition can be self-defeating.

Fame

Many of us dream of fame. Some of us strive to be famous.  Only a select few in our profession achieve fame. Some of this fame can even become notoriety. Fame in medicine is represented in many forms. Academic medicine is a common route to achieve fame in our field. We work under the auspices of a university or academic setting. By default, there is some prestige from association with higher learning.

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There is a trade-off, however. Are you going to earn a similar amount from working at an academic institution? Probably not. Most academic hospitals will provide doctors with a fixed salary with a small incentive for productivity. By working there you are essentially accepting a potentially lower salary in order to have your name tied to an institution of higher learning. Is it worth it? Some people would agree.

Fame in medicine can come in another form.  There is mass-appeal fame. These are the doctors who are known to be public communicators to the world. Mehmet Oz is a clear example of this. Following in his father’s footsteps as a highly skilled thoracic surgeon, Dr. Oz himself trained to become a famed cardiothoracic surgeon. He tied himself to an academic institution and was willing to accept a potentially lower salary.  He then associated himself to daytime television and established widespread mass appeal. In a way, he was able to achieve the fame of being associated with an academic institution and fortune. In the process, he likely transitioned himself out of truly practicing medicine. I doubt that he’s scrubbing into Milstein OR 23 for any heart valve surgeries with any frequency these days.

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Fortune

Aside from Dr. Oz who has the fame and fortune, doctors can simply go the fortune route. This is most commonly achieved by working at regional hospitals or, better yet, a private medical group. Hard work, long hours, and some business savviness can translate into a nice income. These are incomes that can fund family vacations into exotic regions in the world, all without gaming any credit card points or strategizing hotel stays. I’ll be first to admit that I’m sort of jealous of some doctors who can pull in the annual 7-figure incomes. They may not have the fame of medicine, but they can surely get the fortune aspect of it. Pick your poison.

FIRE

Okay, some of us just don’t have the fortune to amass a fortune or fame through medicine. We’re not doomed. In fact, we might be the luckiest of the bunch. These are guys that worked hard to enter a career in medicine and are able to earn a relatively comfortable salary. There is perhaps some flexibility in our schedules and we aren’t necessarily burdened by the perils of crazy-high incomes or fame. We can still achieve some financial independence in the process.

Sipping a cup of ‘joe on a weekend morning at home probably isn’t the worst thing in the world.

Having a relatively high income, saving up a decent amount of our earnings, investing in some real estate, and counting up our pennies isn’t necessarily a bad arrangement. You’re not going to be in any extreme category of medicine, but the lifestyle probably isn’t too much to gripe about either.

I’ve struggled to identify myself in one of these three F’s in medicine. The ego in my psyche wants to achieve the first F. The ambition side of me wants the second one. The rational side of me realizes that I probably belong in the third F, and that is okay. If I play my cards right, I’ll still turn out okay.

Which F do you belong to?

What should doctors do if their jobs are not a good fit?

We’ve all seen it. Some of us have experienced it.  The rest of us WILL experience it.  You take your dream job after your training, and it turns out that the dream job was really a dream.  Perhaps your q2 call schedule turned out to be tougher than you had anticipated.  Maybe your hospital ends up being short on doctors so you end up taking more shifts than you’d prefer to. And no, you don’t get overtime pay as a doctor! You get the same rate as you would otherwise. I’ve known a few unfortunate doctors who actually end up taking new jobs and finding themselves in another similarly unfavorable situation. What gives? Is the world out to get you?

Find out what makes the situation unpleasant to you. 

Everyone is different.  I have friends who are okay with taking two to three weeks off a year and working holidays.  I have others who cringe at taking no less than six weeks.  I have friends who are okay with spending their weekends rounding (their spouses and kids are apparently okay with it as well) instead of hanging out at home or taking a road trip.

Common issues that I’ve seen my colleagues complain about include:

  • Call schedule too onerous.
  • Pay is too low.
  • Patients are too sick.
  • Patients are too healthy.
  • Job is too boring.
  • Location of the practice/hospital is too remote.
  • Senior partners abuse them.
  • Too many satellite locations.
  • Partnership track too unfavorable (they find out two-three years into employment).
  • Work hours too long (many outpatient specialties are open on weekends)

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Whatever situation that makes your life unpleasant, you need to identify what needs to change in order for you to be happy.  As doctors, we are great at shutting out unpleasant memories.  It would be a shame for you to seek out a new opportunity only to have the same problems that you encountered in a previous job.

You might have problem if you sleep here more frequently than in your own bed.

Try to remedy the unpleasant situations at your current job first.

Look, most people don’t like to move, especially if they have established friends and family in a particular area.  Some of us have strong religious ties to a location.  Even most financially independent early retirees with school-aged children choose to stick around most of the time (That’s you Justin @RootOfGood and @RetireBy40).  It would behoove you to talk to your coworkers, managers, administrators, and bosses to determine if any of your gripes can be resolved amicably.  I’ve discovered that in negotiation, you have to figure out what you bring to the table in order to justify your worth.

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If you are the world’s expert on melanoma, you probably will have more negotiating power than even the most skilled orthopedic surgeon.  Even then, the negotiating power has to align with what your employer needs.  A private practice Dermatology practice may prefer to have a proficient and friendly general Dermatologist over the world’s smartest melanoma guru.

Not all of us will have that magical ace up our sleeves for improving our work/life situation, but it is definitely financially advantageous for most people to keep the same job if possible.  This is mostly because of the effort and potential lost income that comes from job changes.

If you end up moving to another state, you will need to apply for a new medical license, get credentialed on insurance plans, and potentially spend months without income if you end your prior job prematurely.

You need to figure out an exit plan.

If all else fails and you find that your current situation cannot be rectified, you will have to find greener pastures.  But wait, you shouldn’t just march into your boss’s office and give her the middle finger! You need a backup plan. It is easier and less stressful to find alternative opportunities if you have an existing job.  Once you’ve made the decision to make the switch, plan out your next steps:

  1. Look for opportunities nearby. Perhaps in the same city or nearby regions. Then look elsewhere in the same state, if you would prefer minimize your move.  You already have an active medical license in your state, so that is the easiest route to take if you decide to change jobs. Be sure to check if your existing practice has restrictive covenants.
  2. Check with your colleagues elsewhere who might have some leads on potential opportunities. An potential opportunity might crop up that you might otherwise not know about.
  3. Look at your professional society job bulletins for opportunities.  Given that there are so many postings, it can be confusing if you are not locked into a particular region.  Try to narrow down opportunities that might suit you, and check them out. Make sure that you have an updated CV, clean up your online profiles, and go at it. You might find yourself looking for over a year for the right fit. That is okay, if you are able to maintain you current job.
  4. As with any profession, the more people you speak to, the more that you will learn about the profession. You will develop a better understanding of what is important to your lifestyle and what the critical questions to ask a practice or hospital.  You are also more marketable as a doctor if you have already been in practice for several years.
  5. Don’t be afraid! Many doctors in this situation are primary breadwinners in the household. They may have kids, a stay-at-home spouse, and no ancillary income. If you have been playing your cards appropriate, you should have an emergency fund and have been living below your means!

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Go for it.

It is not easy to pull the trigger. A new job means a potentially big move. Take a breath, don’t fret. You are still (hopefully) an able-bodied doctor with good earning potential.  Don’t be worried that you might make a mistake.  We all do. Don’t be afraid to keep your head high, regroup if you have to, and keep whittling away. Good luck!

Any tips for the job hunter?

(Photo courtesy of Flickr)

Are you turning away millions of dollars as an academic doctor?

After doctors finish their medical training, there is a spectrum of career options that range from full-time clinical medicine (which most people choose) to full-time academic medicine to full-time researcher. Whichever path one takes will surely benefit society, but can have a major impact in compensation. Over the course of one’s career, there is unfortunately a huge discrepancy in earnings.

Think millions of dollars.

Or for you gamblers, it’s like getting to the final table (guaranteed $1 million earnings) of the World Series of Poker every few years, but donating your earnings back to your hospital administrators. These administrators then make you work harder for less pay.

Sounds fair, right?

Let’s take a look, step-by-step, at how there can be such a discrepancy in earnings despite being the same type of doctor.

 

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How doctors generate revenue in private practice.

As a doctor involved in direct patient care, you generate revenue directly from your services. The more services you provide, the greater revenue you bring into your practice (or your employer). For many doctors who participate in insurance plans, this is measured in revenue value units (RVUs) or something similar—anesthesiologist work is measured in ASAs, which are calculated on the difficulty of a type of surgery and modified by the duration of a surgery.

 

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Even doctors who don’t participate in direct patient care—that means you, pathologists and radiologists—have productivity that can be quantified.  Additionally, there may be other factors in physician productivity that aren’t directly quantifiable, such as the number of consults that are generated and procedures that other specialists perform on patients that you cared for who otherwise wouldn’t have received treatment. If you look into capitated care models, managed care models, and closed-system models, the revenue streams becomes even more obfuscated.

 

No matter how confusing this may seem, medicine in a private practice model is still service-driven. The more you work, the more money you bring into your practice or your employer. Hopefully this work translates into a higher income for us all.

 

How doctors generate revenue in academic medicine.

If you are a physician in an academic center or university setting, the revenue generating component is more opaque. I look at it like a black box:

No one knows what happens inside the black box, not even the administrators!

The service portion of being a doctor in academic medicine is diluted into many different roles. Some of these roles aren’t directly related to patient care, so any revenue that is generated doesn’t go through the typical insurance panels.

Take, for instance, research. This is a very valuable component to the healthcare industry, but there is no visible compensation in research unless there is a breakthrough discovery. Research funding in the U.S. comes mostly from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Most researchers have to apply for funding through an arduous process every few years!  The funding that one receives through a research grant is unlikely to even cover your salary!

Teaching medicine is another example where the income stream is not clear cut. Insurance companies pay you for taking care of their insured clientele, not for educating future doctors.  It doesn’t matter if you’re taking full liability for a full inpatient service, presenting grand rounds, or writing a case report.

Let’s compare a specialist working in academic medicine with one in private practice.

Suppose that you are a vascular surgeon who decides to work at a teaching hospital. You have a faculty appointment at the medical school but you are primarily a clinician working 85 hours a week. The call schedule is only once every five weeks, but you get called in every time you are on call (hey, ruptured aneurysms wait for no one!). You also spend time teaching medical students, residents, fellows, and prepare grand rounds cases. Your hospital pays you about $500,000 a year, but your salary is essentially capped. That means that you’ll likely be earning the same take after five to ten years on staff. You’re making big money, but you’re also spending a lot of time at the hospital.

If you decided to leave the university setting, there are a number of options that could materialize. You could join a hospital group, get paid a much lower starting salary than what the university might actually offer you, but build up to that $500,000 a year. You’d still be working those 80 hours a week. The difference is that by not being involved with teaching or research, you might actually free up a few extra hours a week. No bad, eh?

 

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A third option might be to join an office-based vascular surgery group. You might be brought on board with a salary lower than what you might get at the university, but there is room for growth. After several years of servitude, you purchase into the group and build equity in the equipment. There is an angio-suite that you own along with the practice. You are still working those 80 hours a week (yeah, what a brutal subspecialty), but you bring in a cool $1.5 million each year.

Think about it. A vascular surgeon can have a $1 million income difference depending on where she decides to work. I’ve actually seen situations where the income differences are even greater. Now we’re talking serious money.

What’s the moral of this story? Vascular surgeons have tough jobs!

 

It’s not about the money! 

Look, life isn’t all about the money. Some of us don’t enjoy yachting on the weekends or having caviar every night.  Some of us who do may even be fortunate enough to have alternative sources of income.  Our happiness levels start to plateau after a certain amount of income and net worth. I like to think of it like this:

Your happiness actually increases if your income potential is hopeless, but happiness will also plateau with increasing income.

For some doctors, academic medicine is a means to pay the bills AND be happy. What is not to like about conducting research that could potentially revolutionize healthcare or simply educating future generations of physicians?  Some of us actually enjoy writing and editing scientific manuscripts.  Academic institutions are structured to allow doctors to do just that.  These roles may not necessarily maximize a doctor’s income potential, but they contribute to society and personal satisfaction. If you would like to put a price on that, state your argument in the comments section below. 😉

 

What should I do if I’m undecided?

There’s not going to be a magic ball that tells you what to do. I know plenty of doctors who left academic medicine after several years when they needed a change. I also know several doctors who decided to enter academia after many years of pure clinical practice. The doors remain open no matter what decision you make early in your career.

Remember why you entered medicine; I hope that it was to care for patients. At the end of the day, you still need to be happy. However, it doesn’t hurt to consider the financial implications of your decisions.

How did you decide between academic and purely clinical medicine?

Just receive your first job offer? What should you do next?

Congratulations! After a decade of slaving away in your medical training, you’ve got your first job offer in hand! If you’re really lucky, you might have several offers to evaluate. But wait, there’s all this legalese and gibberish—nothing makes sense!

Do you just hire a contract lawyer and be done with it? How much is a good rate for a contract review anyway? You call around to your friends and colleagues who graduated a year or two before you to inquire. They give you some advice, but it turns out that they might not be too familiar either. What should you do?

There are some fundamental aspects to understanding job contracts that everyone should know. These are the things to follow:

Have someone review your contract.

Yes, this means shelling out some money and having a contract lawyer or a review company who is familiar with your area look at the contract. As much as you want to save money, this is money well spent. The last thing you want to do is move your family to a new city for a new job only to realize that you have to take call every other night even though there are ten doctors in your practice!

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This may cost you several hundred dollars up to a thousand, and it will sting especially if you are in your first job. This is something that I don’t recommend skimping out on.

Someone who is familiar with your area may know that there are certain rules or laws that pertain only to your city.  Moreover, they may know the history and track record of hospitals or medical practices in the area. That information by itself is invaluable.

Read the contract yourself. 

Hiring someone to review your contract simply isn’t enough. You need to spend some time reviewing the legalese as well so that you can be informed about what your contract reviewer is going to say. Here are a few key items that I considered:

  • Salary: How much are you going to get paid? How long is that guaranteed for? Are the any incentives to exceed the standard salary? I would compare the offer salary to what is considered the norm in your field (MGMA, AMGA), and how many years that you have been in practice. For instance, there are different ranges for starting salaries depending on your given specialty. Try to find out what they are, and figure out where you stand in the range.
  • Noncompete: Some contracts have restrictive covenants that prevent you from working within a certain distance and duration of the employer in the event that you decide to leave the group. The laws vary depending on which state you are in, and you can determine if any of these rules are enforceable. How much do these laws actually matter to you? If there is any possibility that you would need to stay in the area if you left your job, you should consider getting this clause removed or negotiated.
  • Growth: Will your job be any different after your first few years? Do you have any possibility of becoming a partner, owning any equity in the practice, or expanding? Is there any real estate in the practice that you could potentially own?
  • Time off: Is there PTO? Does it accrue? Is it enough for your needs?
  • Maternity leave: This is huge. Some hospitals or employers will stiff you on the maternity leave. They may not have a clause at all for this. If there is any possibility that you would need to invoke this benefit, negotiate this in or walk away.
  • Locations: Some practices have multiple offices in different locations in different cities. How much do you want to travel? Do you have to fly to satellite offices (Yes, this can happen)?

Compare your offer with others that you might have received.

You can really learn quite a bit if you have two different offers on the table. There is unlikely going to be one ideal offer that is a no brainer. You will have to settle on certain conditions. Some practices or hospitals are just arranged differently. If everyone else in the group is taking call for the entire state, it’s not likely that you can get away with negotiating that out of your contract.

Consider the overall terms of the contract.

This category includes everything that is not objective. How is the writing in the contract? Are your potential employers sticklers? Do they nickel and dime you? This really calls upon your Spider Sense. Some of us are great at identifying things that could go wrong. Others, not so much. How flexible is the employer? Do they want to hire you badly enough to amend their rules?

Remember. Don’t push your luck and burn bridges. If an employer is unwilling to agree to your terms, don’t get angry. If the subject in contention is a deal breaker for you, just walk away. I think that most people are willing to be open amenable to negotiation as long as it does not put them in a financially or logistically challenging position.

Good luck!

What other terms have you considered in contract negotiation?

(Photo courtesy of Flickr)

On being ill as a doctor

While full of medical knowledge, doctors are still human. We get illnesses, aches, and pains, just like everyone else. One of the worse feelings about getting ill, is that we are still subject to the same rules, medications, and limitations that medicine has—there is no magic pill that I hide in my back pocket for a rainy day.

Case in point: I am currently fighting through a severe bout of “pinkeye”, or viral conjunctivitis. This is the same highly contagious red eye disease that your five-year old gets.  I picked it up likely over the holidays or from a patient or coworker.

In the most severe form.

imagine that these are your eyes except that they are also swollen shut

In ophthalmic terms, this means pre auricular nodes, chemosis, bilaterally, eyelid edema, 4+ injection…the works. My right eye has been swollen shut, and I’m currently in day 8 of this debilitating condition with no end in sight. I’ve been forced to take off the past five days from work, and nearly reaching short-term disability status (how embarrassing!). These conditions can last a whole month.

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Boy has it been miserable. I’ve been in pain and blurry most of the week, and taking the usual concoction of medications that are given—all of these are simply treatments to help reduce severity of the disease, but does not shorten the clinical course.  Add to the ocular symptoms the usual set of symptoms we experience from a head cold: headache, nasal congestion, fatigue—you’ve got one miserable camper. What this means is that I will have to let this evil virus run its course.

Talk about disrupting productivity.

Then your mind plays tricks on you. Certain uncommon, but possible sequela of getting pinkeye can permanently disrupt one’s vision. How will I end up? Will I have to invoke the disability insurance that I hoped I’d never have to use? Will I have to downgrade my lifestyle (fortunately for being on a mission to reach FIRE, I have been tweaking my financial self).

But hey, on the bright side, I get to stay at home, with a hot coffee in my hands, a box of tissues on one side, and a furry feline friend on the other: 

Mandated time off isn’t bad at all!

 

(Stock photo above courtesy of Flickr)