Category: Save Income

Why I haven’t started tracking my monthly expenses – and why I need to start

why-i-dont-track-expensesIt almost seems like keeping tracking of your expenditures is a prerequisite for improving your financial self. For a blogger that writes about money and finance, not documenting expenditures is downright heresy. Well, I am guilty as charged.

I don’t track my monthly expenses.

There, I’ve said it. Now, how can someone be financially conscientious if they don’t even know how much goes out of their bank account monthly?

 

The beginning.

I wasn’t always like that. In medical school, I meticulously tracked my bank account and credit card statements. It was like checking daily I/O’s in pre renal patients on the floor…only easier. I essentially had no income other than my student loans. Sure, I tutored on occasion but I’d say that I earned less than $100 during my entire 4 years of medical school. The expenses were also easy to track:

  • rent payments
  • groceries
  • furniture from craigslist
  • occasional bar tab / restaurant meals
  • the new pair of shoes I bought

I sure as hell didn’t let my balance run close to zero before the next semester’s loan disbursements came.

 

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In residency, I slacked off slightly, but still kept tabs on my paycheck and expenses. I did not contribute to my 401k/403b during residency for several (perhaps unjustifiable reasons: (1) My rent consumed about 60-70% of my monthly stipend, (2) I thought that the investment options available sucked, (3) I used excess money to repay my student loans.

However, I made sure that at the beginning of the month that I would have enough to pay next month’s rent. I wasn’t married yet, so I didn’t have to contribute to my future spouse yet. (:-P).

The present and the problems.

As an attending, I did open a Personal Capital and Mint account. (referral link on the sidebar if you want to help out the website!). It’s a great asset management tool with cool pie graphs, line charts, and even an retirement planner. This is where some of the hassles emerged:

  1. I had separate accounts for myself and my spouse. This means two different logins. Unfortunately, some of our joint accounts overlapped, it adding up both sides made it seem like we had more money than we actually did!
  2. Many of the accounts did not synchronize well. I suppose that this comes in part from the ever-evolving security mechanisms in online vendors. I had a hell of a time with my employer’s 401k (ADP) and HSA accounts not synchronizing at all.
  3. I buy many store gift cards. This is mainly a means to save some money and earn credit card points along the way. Once a year, my local grocery store sells $100 store cash cards for $90. I essentially buy hundreds (maybe even a thousand) dollars worth of grocery store credit at 10% off. I do the same with certain gas station cash cards whenever there is a sale. What this means is that all of my store category expenditures are front loaded. While I probably deplete the funds within a year, it does make it tricky to follow all of the expenses under Personal Capital.
  4. I am lazy. If you simply click on “Expenses” in Personal Capital, you can get a YTD tally of all of your expenses. However, many of these transactions are erroneous categorized. Many of my bank transfers from my checking account to savings account defaults as a “check” and not necessarily a true expense. Some of the checks I write need to be edited for specificity. How long would it take to keep these numbers correct? Probably 10-15 minutes a month. Why don’t I do it? I can’t be bothered! I need automation!

 

The future.

The maintenance hassles in Personal Capital may only amount to 3 hours of my life my entire year. Probably not a huge deal to go through. I probably will have to contact the customer support staff to tweak the logins from time to time. It’ll be my New Year’s resolution.

What will I gain from it? For one, I’d have a better idea knowing how much I spend annually. MMM spends $25,000 annually for a family of 3. I’m pretty sure I spend at least $100,000 for a family of two. Wouldn’t it be nice to see how high earning doctors can still be budget conscious and tweak their savings rate?

How meticulously do you track your expenses?

(Photo courtesy of Flickr)

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How to fund a Backdoor Roth IRA

How to fund a Backdoor Roth IRA

It’s that time of year where we prepare for our routine investment account maintenance. For me, one task is reminding myself how to fund a Backdoor Roth IRA. I do this at the beginning of every year in January, so that I can put my funds into the market as soon as possible.

Here are the basic criteria and rationale to fund a Backdoor Roth IRA:

  1. If your gross income exceeds $117,000 if filing single or $184,000 if filing married jointly, then you should proceed with a Backdoor Roth IRA. Otherwise, you can just contribute to a Roth IRA directly.
  2. The Roth IRA offers another “bucket” to invest. You contribute post-tax dollars into this bucket, but there is no tax on any growth in the bucket whenever you take the money out.
  3. This money can go to your heirs tax-free.
  4. It’s not a huge amount ($5500 for 2016), but the amounts do add up throughout your working career, and the potential growth over time is valuable.
  5. This works best if you don’t have any Traditional IRA funds already. The Roth IRA conversions will take into account what you have tax-deferred. If you have Traditional IRA funds, then you will be taxed on any earnings that you convert.

I have my Roth IRA account in E-Trade. It just happened to be there when I used to buy individual stocks. It has a decent web interface with decent market analysis posts under the “Research” headings.  If you already have a Vanguard or TD Ameritrade accounts, those also work fine as well. My rule of thumb is to minimize the number of accounts you have across the board for simplicity. After a certain age, you start to forget things! ?

 

Step 1. Open a Traditional Non-Deductible IRA.

On E-Trade, I select ‘Open a New Account’. From there I select a Traditional IRA. I also keep a savings account on E-Trade, and when the time comes to fund a Roth IRA, I usually transfer funds from my outside bank accounts to my E-Trade Savings Account.

For 2017, the maximum amount that you can fund is $5500 if you are under age 50. Don’t forget to fund your spouse’s account the same way!

Step 2.

Let the funds clear and do nothing. I tried to jump to Step 3, and E-Trade gave me an error message. I remember sitting on this for about 1-2 weeks on E-Trade.

 

Step 3. Apply for a Roth IRA conversion.  

On E-Trade, I usually go to the landing page for conversion: https://us.etrade.com/landing/Roth_Conversion I log in, and click through. Fidelity also has a similar mechanism. Since the funds that you have placed in your account have not been invested yet, you should still have $5500 (or $6500) that you funded previously.  If you already have an existing Roth IRA with the custodian, you can select that account at this time and combine the funds together.

Afterward, you can either close your Traditional IRA or leave it empty for next year. E-Trade allows me to keep the account open. You can then decide how to invest the funds in your Roth IRA!

What other tips do you have for Backdoor Roth IRA’s? 

The Marginal Utility of Saving – When is it not worth it?

marginal utility of happinessI’m sure that we’ve all encountered scenarios where we go out of our way to either save money or get a better deal. I’ve certainly had to decide between waiting in a two-hour line to purchase train tickets with credit card versus using a machine that only takes cash (I used the machine).

Likewise, I came across the discount bakery aisle at the local grocery store yesterday. A box of day-old twelve donuts were discounted to $2. In contrast, a normally priced donut was 60c apiece.

That’s right. These are the first-world problems that I have to deal with! I could either get a dozen day-old donuts for approximately the same price as three fresh donuts!

How much happiness would I have with a dozen partially stale donuts versus three fresh ones? For me, the marginal happiness I experience is simply having ONE donut. I would be happy having one donut, saving the calories, and be done with it.

Which option did I eventually choose?

I bought the dozen discounted donuts!

 

Arguably I could have done without the extra calories, but I also had extra mouths to feed.

What would you have done in this situation?

 

Happy July 4th to everyone!

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(Photo courtesy of Flickr)

How much time should I spend managing my finances?

how much time should i spend learning financeI spent about eight to ten hours per day studying for my USMLE Step 1. I believe that I did this for about a month of my life. Prior to that, I was probably reviewing the material about five hours a week in addition to studying for my classes. I don’t think that I’ve ever worked that hard in my entire life trying to learn something from a book. Several of my internship rotations were similarly life-consuming, like my general surgery months. I think I was salaried at like $24.40 an hour before taxes, or $50,752 a year. This was good money, except that I worked at least 80 hours a week for more than six months of the year. I think there was a two week period that I spent 252 hours in the hospital! The hospital sure got a great deal having residents putting in central lines, tapping effusions, and pulling JP drains at near-minimum wage. We got an education in return. This lifestyle was absolutely horrible for my health.

But, boy was I good at random medical knowledge. Bezoars? I bet you didn’t know that there were three categories of them. How about George Gershwin’s GBM? Piece of cake.

 

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Since then, I’ve grown utterly lazy. I clock in an easy 55 hours a week. Some of my colleagues in the ER only do 34 hours a week and earn quite a bit more than I do. Is it time to kick back and relax?

 

Strengthen your knowledge outside of medicine.

I’ve said this before, and I’ll say it again. The disadvantage of being highly knowledgeable in a particular subject means that you are less likely to be knowledgeable in other topics. To disprove the stereotypes that doctors or other highly trained professionals don’t know anything outside of their fields, I suggest that you learn about something outside of your profession.

Anything.

Hiking, sports, photography, finance…whatever. Find a designated time each week to find something you enjoy and learn about it. You’ll be doing this same stuff when you’re retired. If you decide to retire early, then you’d better be prepared to do this for a longer time. Carve some of the time you waste looking through Facebook each day and improve your fund of knowledge. Your future self will thank you later.

How much time do I need to study finance?

Answer: a whole lot less time that it takes for you to do your primary job, unless you are in the financial world yourself.

Most people will figure out quickly how much they love or hate reviewing financial history. If you love it, you’ve found yourself a new hobby. Otherwise, you’re out of luck. Fortunately, one could become relatively fluent in a subject without having to go into profound detail. Think Cliff’s Notes. I remember that I went through review books and summary outlines to learn particular subjects in school. I aced those tests. Did I actually understand the material well? I doubt it. Ironically, I actually synthesized the concepts years later. Yes, I do believe that condensed knowledge can still be absorbed; it just might take longer.

Fortunately, you have time. Commit to learning something about finance, whether it be terminology or principles. If you really hate it, spend an hour on this subject for every five hours you spend with your CME (continuing medical education). If you really like it, ramp up your efforts. Set aside one hour a week to read some newsletters, financial handouts, books, or blogs (like this one!). Your public library has a wealth of resources.

 

Does gender play a role in financial knowledge?

Gender can place you at a disadvantage with finance. I’ve gone through plenty of finance blogs and books—I think that we can all agree that this a male-dominated niche. Most of the commenters on early retirement websites are male. I don’t think that men are more financially savvy than women either—look at Suze Orman—but I believe that there needs to be more of a female voice in finance.

The medical profession has traditionally been male-dominated but this is changing as well. My medical school class had 54% women. I suspect that the percentage will begin to grow. What this means is that it will be more likely that women will transition to being a breadwinner in a medical professional household. There will continue to be a need for understanding how to maximize our hard-earned dollars.

 

How do I get started? 

Reading this website is a good first step. Eliminate your student loans. Become good at your job. Find the hunger. Live up to the stereotype and become a rich doctor.

How many hours per week do you spend learning finance?

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(Photo courtesy of Flickr)

How Much Net Worth Should Doctors Have?

How Much Net Worth Should Doctors Have?

how much net worth should doctors haveMost doctors will spend anywhere from eleven to sixteen years after high school to become a fully trained and practicing physician. This is a long time to delay your income and life. Most of us go through four years of college, four to five years of medical school, and anywhere from three to seven (or more) years of residency and fellowship. Assuming that we started at age 18, we finish this journey around age 29 to 34. The only upside I can think of being old is that most of our patients expect older doctors to have more experience! (Who do you really want doing your robotic prostatectomy: a 38 year old youthful appearing surgeon or a 64 year old greying surgeon who has been practicing for thirty years?)

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Since most doctors graduate with debt, we do have to play our cards strategically to “catch up”. Unfortunately, the average doctor will not become richer than an average aggressive financially savvy IT guy or white collar worker, we can come close.

Here’s how the net worth of how a financially conscientious Hospitalist progresses:

Most Hospitalists who do not pick up a huge number of additional shifts or locum jobs have a relatively narrow range of income. On average, we expect a starting salary around $200,000, which may increase to $220,000 the second year, $250,000 the third year, and perhaps a cap around $260,000 in year 4 and beyond. For simplicity, we’d assume an effective federal income tax rate of 25%. Let’s also assume that this Hospitalist has a student debt of $250,000 upon finishing residency. We can also ignore any investment growth on the savings or interest payments on the loans.

Gross Income Net Income after tax Expenses Savings Net worth

Year 1

$200,000 $150,000 $30,000 $120,000

-$130,000

Year 2

$220,000 $165,000 $40,000 $125,000

-$5,000

Year 3

$250,000 $187,500 $40,000 $147,500

$142,500

Year 4

$260,000 $195,000 $50,000 $145,000

$287,500

Year 5

$260,000 $195,000 $50,000 $145,000

$332,500

Year 6

$260,000 $195,000 $60,000 $135,000

$467,500

In this simplistic example, the average Hospitalist who starts work at age 29 will come out of student debt by age 32 if she saves relatively aggressively. Those of us who have dug ourselves out of a significant amount of debt can agree how therapeutic that last payment can be. The average doctor can get herself out of debt relatively quickly with a clear strategy to tackle the debt. Obviously the growths are going to be different depending upon your profession. An ophthalmologist who starts out with a measly $165,000 salary will need to budget more carefully than the neurosurgeon who will command $500,000 out the door.

Based on this example above, we should be able to make several general conclusions regarding the financial situation of most doctors:

  1. We should all be able to repay our student loans within the first five years of practice assuming that you started with an average amount of debt. Most of us should be able to repay it all within the first three years if we wanted to.
  2. The average doctor may not become a millionaire by age 40 on her own income, but all of us should be millionaires by age 45. Unfortunately a million dollars really isn’t a whole lot of money now, but it sure as hell is nicer than what the rest of the general population can earn.
  3. We can all make a decent living in medicine. It still isn’t easy after your grueling training, but with today’s aging population we do have job security.
  4. You will not likely be able to afford the $3,000,000 mansion in Miami. Some doctors will be able to do solely through pre-existing family wealth, higher paying specialties, or through alternative streams of income.

Let’s take a look at another doctor who is an Intensivist (someone who works in the intensive care unit). Assume that she also comes out of fellowship with $250,000 in student loans. She will also have an effective income tax around 30%:

Gross Income

Net Income after tax Expenses Savings

Net worth

Year 1

$300,000 $210,000 $30,000 $180,000

-$70,000

Year 2

$325,000 $227,500 $40,000 $187,000

$117,000

Year 3

$350,000 $245,000 $40,000 $205,000

$322,000

Year 4

$375,000 $262,500 $50,000 $212,500

$534,500

Year 5

$400,000 $280,000 $50,000 $230,000

$764,500

Year 6

$400,000 $280,000 $60,000 $230,000

$994,500

In this scenario, the Intensivist will most likely become a millionaire by year six. It’s interesting how doctor income varies among the specialties.

What is your target net worth after ten years on the job? How does it match up to these examples?

 

(Photo courtesy of Flickr)